Articles
Putting meat on the agenda: the Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture and the effort to link animal agriculture and climate change at the UNFCCC
ALEXIOS ANTYPAS Central European University

Agriculture, forestry and other land uses account for approximately 24% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions of which the majority, 15% of total anthropogenic GHG production, comes from the animal agriculture sector. The Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has historically approached the issue of agriculture and the role it plays in climate change conservatively. This is now changing with the implementation of the Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture (KJWA), born out of the UN climate conference in 2017. In this article, the author considers the role of the KJWA in encouraging meaningful discourse and policy intervention as a means of combating the link between agriculture, meat consumption and climate change.

A new Aarhus for Latin-American countries: the Ezcazú Agreement in 2018- towards an environmental democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean
GIULIA PAROLA Fluminense Federal University, Brazil

Our age is characterised by a global ecological crisis; indeed, since the largest problem is the environmental one, every other issue is, in one way or another, linked to this crisis The idea of an environmental democracy comes from the attempt to seek a theoretical legal solution without twisting the political system and finding a different way to use the democratic concepts and tools. The ideal form of environmental democracy should include elements of deliberative and participatory democracy, as well as their processes and mechanisms where the non-state actors have a real opportunity to participate. From a spatial perspective, environmental democracy should be set up at the global and local level to manage global and local ecological problems. In the first case, this takes place through international environmental law, and in the second case, through regional and national regulation.

In light of this theoretical construction of environmental democracy, this article will compare two examples of the implementation of Environmental Democracy at an International Level: the Aarhus Convention (1998) on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, by the UNECE; and the Escazú Agreement (2018) on Access to Information, Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and Caribbean by ECLAC.

‘Tragedy of the Commons’ and ‘Tragedy of the Horizon’: distant cousins or identical twins?
KAREN SULLIVAN Spectrum Intellectual Property Solutions Ltd

In a speech given at Lloyd’s of London in 2015 by Mark Carney, Governor of the Bank of England and Chairman of the Financial Stability Board, relating to climate change and financial stability, we were introduced to what Carney termed the ‘Tragedy of the Horizon’. The aim of this article is to explore the extent to which this phenomenon is related to its better-established counterpart, the ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ as Hardin’s paper on the latter passes its half century. This paper seeks to extend the original analysis to seek a better understanding of how the ‘tragedies’ of the environmental and financial sectors are related, and on that basis, whether the long history of evidence regarding the tragedy of environmental commons has the potential to offer any insights into the role regulation may play in averting the tragedy of the financial horizon

Case Commentary

Nitrogen Depositions, Agriculture Undertakings and Natura 2000 
AGUSTIN GARCIA-URETA, University of the Basque Country

In Defence of Cost-Benefit Analysis and Environmental Valuation
JOHN CORKINDALE Kingston University

Current Survey

European Union
MARTIN HEDEMANN-ROBINSON University of Kent, Canterbury

Key Policy Developments September–October 2018

Climate Change
Air Quality
Sustainable Development
Marine Environment – Waste Management
Biodiversity
EU Environmental Funding
EU Environmental Legislation Update